Sangam age literary sources. SANGAM AGE Cheres, Cholas & Pandays Notes for UPSC, SSC, MPPSC 2019-01-06

What is Sangam literature?

Rice is placed on the bottom half of the leaf. The obverse side of the silver coin has the portrait of a king, facing left, wearing a Roman-type bristled-crown helmet. By digging the old sites and mounds, and discovering the material remains, historians try to understand the past. The samples were in different manufacturing stages — finished, semi-finished, drilled and undrilled, polished and unpolished and in the form of raw material. In addition to iron and steel, the metallurgy seems to have possibly extended to copper, bronze, lead, silver and gold objects. The Kalibras started a new era of Tamil Literature. In the early centuries of the Christrian era, the Chera country was as important as the country of the Cholas and the Pandyas.

Tamil Food Habits in Sangam Literature

But the real difficulty arises for writing ancient history. The Tamil navigators were adventurous enough to across the Indian Ocean for trade and commerce in Indonesian Islands. Riches of Indian Archaeological and Cultural Studies: 122—130. But later for vast part of Tamil history they were mostly forgotten. The rich lived in houses of bricks and mortar. All content is based on personal opinions and experiences. The Pandyas also had trade contacts with and, through Egypt, with by the 1st century, and with by the 3rd century.

Sources of ancient Tamil history

A Roman trading centre was located on the Pandyan coast Alagankulam—at the mouth of the river, southeast of Madurai. Gradually, the Varna System also started. Onam is observed for 10 days, ending in Thiruvonam or Thirounam. In the ancient , was the supreme God, and was the one celebrated by the masses; both of them were sung as deified Tamil poets ascending the Koodal academy. At Arikamedu, there were indications of small-scale workshops containing the remains of working in metal, glass, semiprecious stones, ivory and shell.

name any two literary sources to reconstruct Sangam age

Sangam literature comprises some of the oldest extant , and deals with love, war, governance, trade and bereavement. Sangam literature is still the main source for the , the and the. Many vitrified crucibles were also recovered from this site; one of them notable because it was found in an in situ position. D, leading us to fix the period of Sangam age roughly between third century B. Other earliest Tamil works were the Agattiyam a work on grammar of letters and life by Saint Agattiyar, Pannirupadalam and the Kakkipadiniyam. Eelam Flavour will not be liable for any losses, injuries, or damages from the display or use of this information. Tolkappiyam may be the oldest of all existing Tamil text, but it is certainly not the oldest Tamil text.

The Sangam Age

It is the oldest surviving Tamil text. It presents the career of the Kings in chronological order. Different kinds of marriages were performed in different social classes. It consists of 2,381 known poems, with a total of over 50,000 lines, written by 473 poets. The people were tolerant and the followers of the various religions lived together peacefully. Environment and urbanisation in early Tamilakam. The Roman emperor received an embassy from a Pandya about 361.

Sangam Age notes Pdf Download

Six groups of silver punch-marked coins and one group of copper coins have been analysed so far. These Tamil literary works remain useful sources to reconstruct the history of the Sangam Age. An experienced person in the field of competitive exam preparation, previously he was attached to the renowned coaching classes. These are called megaliths because they were encircled by big pieces of stone which contained not only skeletons of the buried people but also pottery and iron objects. Yet there are sources from which history is written. Another series of coins, all made of copper and found near Madurai, have the fish symbol on the reverse and among other symbols on the obverse, have the legend Peruvaluthi written in the script. Kodumanal was popular for the gem-cutting industry and manufacture of jewels.

Sources of Ancient Indian History: Archaeological and Literary Sources

It would surprise you that a person of that age had described everything with such clarity by keeping fiction away. Inscriptions are seen on rocks, pillars, stones, slabs, walls of buildings, and body of temples. Pattini cult, that is the worship of Kannagi as the ideal wife, was started by him. Excavations have been conducted at Taxila, Pataliputra, Rajgir, Nalanda, Sanchi, Barhut, Sarnath and Mathura. The first Sangam, held at Then Madurai, was attended by gods and legendary sages but no literary work of this Sangam was available. Sivaraja Pillay, a 20th-century historian, while constructing the genealogy of ancient Tamil kings from Sangam literature, insists that the Sangam poems show no similarities with ancient Puranic literature and medieval Tamil literature, both of which contain, according to him, fanciful myths and impossible legends.

Sangam period

Some of the off-shore findings indicate that parts of the ancient city may have submerged under the advancing sea, as alluded to by the Sangam literature. Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India. Other types of marriages were performed with rituals. These coins have symbols on their obverse that depict the sacrifices, such as a horse tied to the yuba-stambha, a yagna kunta and a nandhipada. It mentions Eelattu-unavu — food from — arriving at the port.

Tamil Food Habits in Sangam Literature

Sati system was prevailing in the Sangam age. Recent researches examining inscriptions found in southwestern have revealed names of three generations of rulers from the Chera clan. The brahmanas enjoyed considerable influence, and the Pandya kings performed Vedic sacrifices in the early centuries of the Christian era. Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A. Under the stimulus of contact with the elements of material culture brought from the north to the extreme end of the peninsula by traders, conquerors and Jaina, Buddhist and some Brahmana missionaries, they came to have social classes, they came to practice wet paddy cultivation and founded numerous villages and towns. The story known as Akiti Jataka refers to the Damila-rattha Tamil country including the region of. It is several thousand li to the southeast of Northern India.

The Sangam Society of South India

With a flat nose and protruding lips, he has a wide and thick ear lobe but wears no ear-ring. In the beginning, Brahamanism grew popular in these kingdoms, though its influence was limited. Such an observation has been made of coins assigned to the of , which are thought to be another inspiration for the Chera coins. The religious writings of the Jainas and the Buddhists are also enormous. As that emperor himself proclaimed, he got his edicts engraved on stone so that they might last long.